Click Virtual University

Blog

  • Environmental Accounting: A Comprehensive Guide to Green Accounting Practice

    Image Source: FreeImages

    Environmental accounting, also known as green accounting, is an essential approach for businesses, government agencies, and organizations to evaluate the impact of their operations on the environment. This accounting methodology aims to incorporate the environmental costs, benefits, and performance into the financial decision-making process, ensuring that environmental concerns are considered and addressed when making business decisions.

    In this comprehensive guide, we will delve into the world of environmental accounting, discussing its various types, benefits, challenges, and best practices. With the increasing importance of sustainability and the global push for greener practices, understanding environmental accounting is vital for businesses and individuals alike.

    Table of Contents

    1. Introduction to Environmental Accounting
    2. Types of Environmental Accounting
    3. Benefits of Environmental Accounting
    4. Challenges in Environmental Accounting
    5. Implementing Environmental Accounting
    6. Role of Technology in Environmental Accounting
    7. Environmental Accounting in Practice: Examples
    8. International Initiatives in Environmental Accounting
    9. Qualifications and Certifications for Environmental Accountants
    10. Future Trends in Environmental Accounting

    1. Introduction to Environmental Accounting

    Environmental accounting is a multidisciplinary approach that combines accounting, finance, and environmental sciences to systematically assess, measure, and report the environmental costs and benefits associated with business activities. By incorporating environmental considerations into financial decision-making, businesses can better understand the potential trade-offs between their traditional economic goals and environmental objectives.

    Environmental accounting helps organizations identify areas where they can reduce their environmental impact, improve resource efficiency, and minimize environmental risks. Additionally, it enables businesses to report their environmental performance to stakeholders, demonstrating their commitment to sustainability and corporate social responsibility.

    2. Types of Environmental Accounting

    There are three primary types of environmental accounting:

    2.1 Environmental Management Accounting (EMA)

    EMA focuses on the internal management of environmental costs and resource usage within an organization. It helps businesses identify and analyze the environmental impacts of their operations, allowing them to make informed decisions on resource allocation, process improvements, and cost reduction strategies.

    2.2 Environmental Financial Accounting (EFA)

    EFA deals with the external reporting of environmental costs, liabilities, and performance to stakeholders, such as investors, regulators, and the public. This type of accounting ensures that businesses accurately disclose their environmental impacts and comply with relevant regulations and reporting requirements.

    2.3 Environmental National Accounting

    This type of accounting involves the integration of environmental and natural resource factors into national accounting systems, allowing governments to evaluate the environmental performance of their economies and develop sustainable policies.

    3. Benefits of Environmental Accounting

    Environmental accounting offers numerous benefits to businesses and organizations, including:

    1. Improved decision-making: By incorporating environmental costs and benefits into financial analysis, businesses can make more informed decisions that balance economic and environmental objectives.
    2. Cost savings: Identifying areas of environmental inefficiency can lead to cost reductions through resource conservation, waste reduction, and process improvements.
    3. Risk management: Environmental accounting helps businesses identify and mitigate potential environmental risks, such as regulatory penalties, reputational damage, and legal liabilities.
    4. Enhanced reputation: Transparent reporting of environmental performance demonstrates a company’s commitment to sustainability, which can improve its reputation among customers, investors, and other stakeholders.
    5. Competitive advantage: Adhering to environmental accounting principles can give businesses a competitive edge by differentiating them from competitors and positioning them as environmentally responsible organizations.

    4. Challenges in Environmental Accounting

    Despite its many benefits, implementing environmental accounting can face several challenges, including:

    1. Lack of standardization: There is currently no universally accepted framework or standard for environmental accounting, making it difficult for businesses to compare their performance with industry peers or benchmarks.
    2. Complexity: Environmental accounting can be complex, requiring specialized knowledge and expertise in both accounting and environmental sciences.
    3. Data availability: Collecting accurate and reliable environmental data can be challenging for businesses, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with limited resources.
    4. Subjectivity: Some aspects of environmental accounting, such as estimating the value of ecosystem services or assigning costs to environmental externalities, can be subjective and open to interpretation.

    5. Implementing Environmental Accounting

    To successfully implement environmental accounting, businesses can follow these steps:

    1. Educate employees: Train employees on the importance of environmental accounting and provide them with the necessary tools and resources to incorporate green practices into their daily work.
    2. Minimize paper consumption: Encourage the use of digital documents and reduce paper usage by implementing paperless processes, such as electronic invoicing, online reporting, and digital record-keeping.
    3. Adopt green techniques: Implement environmentally-friendly practices within the organization, such as energy-efficient lighting, recycling programs, and sustainable procurement policies.
    4. Leverage technology: Utilize technology to improve environmental data collection, analysis, and reporting, such as energy management software, emissions tracking tools, and waste reduction applications.
    5. Measure and report progress: Regularly monitor and report on environmental performance to track progress, identify areas for improvement, and demonstrate commitment to sustainability.

    6. Role of Technology in Environmental Accounting

    Technology plays a crucial role in facilitating and enhancing environmental accounting practices. Some examples of how technology can support environmental accounting include:

    1. Cloud-based accounting: Cloud accounting solutions enable businesses to store and access financial data securely online, reducing the need for paper documents and promoting collaboration among team members.
    2. Energy management software: These applications help businesses monitor and analyze their energy consumption, identify inefficiencies, and implement energy-saving measures.
    3. Emissions tracking tools: Software platforms that track greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants help businesses comply with environmental regulations and report their emissions data to stakeholders.
    4. Waste reduction and recycling applications: Technology solutions that promote waste reduction, recycling, and resource efficiency can help businesses minimize their environmental impact and reduce costs.

    7. Environmental Accounting in Practice: Examples

    Numerous businesses and organizations have successfully implemented environmental accounting practices to improve their environmental performance and achieve sustainable growth. Some examples include:

    1. Patagonia: The outdoor clothing company has implemented a comprehensive environmental accounting system that tracks the environmental impacts of its products throughout their lifecycle, from raw materials sourcing to manufacturing, transportation, and end-of-life disposal.
    2. Interface: The global carpet tile manufacturer has adopted a sustainability accounting framework that measures its progress towards achieving its ambitious “Mission Zero” goal, which aims to eliminate the company’s negative environmental impacts by 2020.
    3. Unilever: The consumer goods giant has integrated environmental accounting into its business strategy, focusing on reducing its greenhouse gas emissions, water usage, and waste generation while promoting sustainable sourcing and packaging practices.

    8. International Initiatives in Environmental Accounting

    Various international initiatives and frameworks have been developed to support and promote environmental accounting practices, including:

    1. The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA): Developed by the United Nations, this framework provides a comprehensive and internationally-accepted methodology for integrating environmental and economic data in national accounting systems.
    2. Global Reporting Initiative (GRI): This international organization has developed a widely-used sustainability reporting framework that helps businesses report their environmental, social, and economic performance.
    3. International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14000: This series of environmental management standards provides guidelines and best practices for businesses to incorporate environmental considerations into their operations and decision-making processes.

    9. Qualifications and Certifications for Environmental Accountants

    Environmental accountants typically hold a bachelor’s degree in accounting, finance, or a related field, and may also possess specialized knowledge or certifications in environmental science or management. Some of the relevant certifications for environmental accountants include:

    1. Certified Professional Environmental Auditor (CPEA): This credential, administered by the Board of Environmental, Health, and Safety Auditor Certifications, demonstrates expertise in environmental auditing, health and safety management, and regulatory compliance.
    2. Certified Environmental Accountant (CEA): Offered by the National Registry of Environmental Professionals, this certification requires an undergraduate degree, a minimum of four years of environmental auditing experience, and successful completion of the CEA exam.

    10. Future Trends in Environmental Accounting

    As awareness of the importance of sustainability and environmental responsibility continues to grow, environmental accounting is expected to become an increasingly vital component of business strategy and decision-making. Some future trends in environmental accounting include:

    1. Increased standardization: Efforts to develop and adopt internationally-accepted frameworks and standards for environmental accounting will likely continue, promoting greater consistency and comparability in environmental reporting and performance measurement.
    2. Greater emphasis on non-financial reporting: Businesses will likely face increasing pressure from stakeholders, including investors, regulators, and consumers, to disclose their environmental and social performance alongside traditional financial metrics.
    3. Integration of emerging technologies: Advances in technology, such as artificial intelligence, big data analytics, and the Internet of Things, will offer new opportunities for businesses to collect, analyze, and report environmental data more accurately and efficiently.

    In conclusion, environmental accounting is an essential approach for businesses and organizations to evaluate and address the environmental impacts of their operations. By incorporating environmental considerations into financial decision-making, businesses can improve their environmental performance, reduce costs, and achieve sustainable growth. As awareness of environmental issues continues to grow, environmental accounting will become an increasingly important aspect of business strategy and decision-making for organizations worldwide.

  • AI Writer: ChatSonic vs ChatGPT – Revolutionizing Content Creation

    ChatGPTvsChatSonic

    Based on the ChatGPT API, ChatSonic is something that is superior to ChatGPT. Better than ChatGPT, ChatSonic is revolutionising the content.

    The world of content creation is evolving at a rapid pace, driven by the continuous advancements in artificial intelligence. AI writers such as ChatGPT and ChatSonic are becoming indispensable SEO tools for businesses and content creators alike. This article will explore the benefits of these AI copywriters, highlighting the superiority of ChatSonic over ChatGPT, and demonstrate how they can revolutionize your content creation process.

    Introducing ChatSonic: The AI Writer with Superpowers

    ChatSonic is an AI-powered content generator developed by Writesonic. Taking inspiration from ChatGPT, this innovative tool goes a step further by integrating with Google Search, allowing it to access the latest information and provide up-to-date content. Not only can ChatSonic generate text, but it also offers AI image generation capabilities, making it a versatile and powerful tool for any content creator.

    How ChatSonic Enhances the AI Writing Experience

    ChatSonic offers a multitude of features to simplify and enrich your content creation process. It is designed to work seamlessly with Gmail, Twitter, LinkedIn, and other web platforms, offering a wide range of applications:

    ChatGPT, ChatSonic

    Email Workflow Optimization

    ChatSonic can generate high-quality emails directly from Gmail, summarizing long emails or threads, and providing instant replies to save you time.

    Twitter Engagement Booster

    This AI writer can create unique tweets, suggest relevant hashtags, and summarize long tweets or threads for a more efficient Twitter experience.

    LinkedIn Presence Amplifier

    Craft the perfect LinkedIn post in seconds, generate thought-provoking comments, and respond to DMs quickly and efficiently.

    Customer Support Enhancement

    Integrate ChatSonic with Helpscout to provide quick, accurate, and personalized responses to support tickets, ultimately improving customer satisfaction.

    Web Research Streamlining

    Summarize webpages, ask questions about specific pages, and receive contextual replies, all while leveraging ChatSonic’s AI to extract relevant information and insights.

    Universal Chrome Shortcut

    Use the CMD+M shortcut to access ChatSonic’s AI pop-up anywhere on Chrome and create unique content or rephrase text in seconds.

    Word and Character Count Tool

    Select any text, right-click, and choose “ChatSonic -> Get word count” to instantly obtain the word and character count.

    Compatibility with Writing Platforms

    ChatSonic works across Google Docs, Gmail, LinkedIn, Twitter, Facebook, and more.

    Comparing ChatSonic and ChatGPT

    While both ChatSonic and ChatGPT are AI copywriters, there are some key differences between them:

    ChatGPT, ChatSonic
    1. Real-time Information: ChatGPT’s data is limited to 2021, while ChatSonic integrates with Google Search to provide the latest information.
    2. Voice Commands: ChatGPT lacks voice command functionality, unlike ChatSonic.
    3. Image Generation: ChatSonic offers AI image generation, a feature absent in ChatGPT.
    4. Trend and Event Awareness: ChatSonic can provide information on current trends and events, while ChatGPT is not programmed for this.

    Conclusion: The Superior AI Writer – ChatSonic

    In conclusion, ChatSonic is a powerful and versatile AI writer that offers numerous advantages over ChatGPT. Its integration with Google Search and compatibility with various platforms make it an invaluable SEO tool for content creators seeking to stay ahead of the curve.

    If you’re interested in experiencing the power of ChatSonic for yourself, use ouraffiliate link to sign up and witness how this AI writer can revolutionize your content creation process.

    You may also be interested on The future of GPT models and their potential impact on various industries and society as a whole. – Click Virtual University (clickuniv.com)

  • The future of GPT models and their potential impact on various industries and society as a whole.

    1. The impact of GPT models on the quality and quantity of content produced by content creators and journalists.

    GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) models, such as GPT-2 and GPT-3, have had a significant impact on the quality and quantity of content produced by content creators and journalists. These models are designed to generate text that is indistinguishable from human-written text, and they can produce content on a variety of topics and in various writing styles.

    Your may be interested in reading AI based paraphrasing.

    One of the most significant impacts of GPT models on content creation is the ability to produce content quickly and efficiently. Content creators and journalists can use these models to generate drafts of articles, blog posts, and other types of content quickly, saving them time and allowing them to focus on other aspects of their work.

    An image generate by Dall-e product of GPT
    Image generated by DALL-E

    Another impact of GPT models on content creation is the ability to produce high-quality content. These models are trained on vast amounts of data, which enables them to generate text that is often more accurate and comprehensive than what a human could produce. Additionally, GPT models can produce content in multiple languages, allowing content creators and journalists to reach a broader audience.

    However, there are also concerns about the impact of GPT models on content creation. One concern is that these models could lead to a reduction in the quality of human-written content. As more content is generated by GPT models, there is a risk that human writers could rely too heavily on these models, leading to a decrease in the quality of human-written content.

    Another concern is the potential for bias in GPT-generated content. These models are trained on data from the internet, which can contain biases and inaccuracies. If these biases are not accounted for in the training process, GPT models could perpetuate or even amplify these biases in the content they generate.

    Overall, while GPT models have had a significant impact on content creation, it is important to use them responsibly and in conjunction with human-written content. By using GPT models to generate drafts or to supplement human-written content, content creators and journalists can take advantage of the benefits of these models while minimizing the risks.

    Read this article: “GPT-3 and the Ethics of Language AI” by Forbeshttps://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2020/10/05/what-is-gpt-3-and-why-is-it-revolutionizing-artificial-intelligence/:

    2. The potential cost savings and efficiency gains that GPT models can bring to language-based industries, such as customer service and content creation.

    GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) models, such as GPT-2 and GPT-3, have the potential to bring significant cost savings and efficiency gains to language-based industries, including customer service and content creation.

    One of the key benefits of GPT models is their ability to generate high-quality text quickly and efficiently. In the customer service industry, for example, GPT models can be used to generate responses to common customer inquiries, reducing the need for human customer service representatives to spend time crafting responses manually. This can help to reduce the cost of customer service operations and improve response times, leading to higher levels of customer satisfaction.

    Similarly, in content creation, GPT models can be used to generate drafts of articles, blog posts, and other types of content quickly and efficiently. This can save content creators time and effort, allowing them to focus on other aspects of their work, such as research and editing. Additionally, GPT models can help to ensure that content is comprehensive and accurate, as they are trained on vast amounts of data and can generate content on a wide range of topics.

    An image generated by Dall-e GPT prodct
    Image generated by AI DALL-E

    Another way that GPT models can bring cost savings and efficiency gains to language-based industries is through their ability to automate certain tasks. For example, GPT models can be used to generate product descriptions or social media posts, reducing the need for human writers to create these pieces of content manually. This can help to reduce costs and improve efficiency, particularly for businesses that produce large volumes of content. Overall, GPT models have the potential to bring significant cost savings and efficiency gains to language-based industries such as customer service and content creation. By automating certain tasks and generating high-quality content quickly and efficiently, GPT models can help to improve productivity and reduce costs, while ensuring that language-based tasks are completed accurately and comprehensively.

    3. The potential for GPT models to disrupt existing business models in language-based industries, such as news media and advertising.

    GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) models, such as GPT-2 and GPT-3, have the potential to disrupt existing business models in language-based industries, such as news media and advertising.

    In the news media industry, for example, GPT models can generate high-quality news articles on a wide range of topics, potentially reducing the need for human journalists. This could lead to cost savings for news organizations, but it also raises concerns about the quality and accuracy of news generated by GPT models. Additionally, the rise of GPT-generated news articles could further exacerbate the problem of fake news and disinformation, as it could become easier to create convincing but false news stories using GPT models.

    In the advertising industry, GPT models can generate ad copy and other marketing materials quickly and efficiently, potentially reducing the need for human copywriters. This could lead to cost savings for advertisers, but it also raises concerns about the quality and effectiveness of GPT-generated marketing materials. Additionally, the use of GPT models could make it easier for advertisers to target specific audiences with personalized messages, which could raise concerns about privacy and data security.

    Overall, the potential for GPT models to disrupt existing business models in language-based industries is significant. While these models offer the potential for cost savings and efficiency gains, they also raise concerns about the quality and accuracy of generated content, as well as the potential for misuse and abuse. As with any new technology, it is important to use GPT models responsibly and in a way that considers both the benefits and risks.

    4. The impact of GPT models on the demand for human labor in language-based industries, such as editing and translation.

    GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) models, such as GPT-2 and GPT-3, have the potential to impact the demand for human labor in language-based industries, such as editing and translation.

    In the editing industry, for example, GPT models can be used to generate drafts of articles, blog posts, and other types of content quickly and efficiently. This could potentially reduce the need for human editors to review and edit drafts manually. However, while GPT models are effective at generating text, they may not be as effective at identifying and correcting errors, inconsistencies, and other issues that require human judgment and expertise. This means that there is likely to remain a demand for human editors in the editing industry. However there are different AI software that do these task efficiently.

    In the translation industry, GPT models can be used to translate text between languages quickly and efficiently. This could potentially reduce the need for human translators, particularly for routine translations. However, while GPT models are effective at generating translations, they may not be as effective as human translators at understanding the nuances of language and culture, and at accurately conveying meaning between languages. This means that there is likely to remain a demand for human translators in the translation industry, if the mistake in translation can not be afforded. For example, the translation of the scientific, religious and research. The mathematics and analytics part are completely untouched with the NPL model. However this is the present scenario. Overall, while GPT models have the potential to impact the demand for human labour in language-based industries such as editing and translation, they are unlikely to replace human workers entirely. GPT models can be used to increase productivity and efficiency, but human judgment and expertise will continue to be important for ensuring the quality and accuracy of language-based tasks. Additionally, as the use of GPT models becomes more widespread, there may be a growing demand for workers with expertise in working with these models, such as data scientists, machine learning engineers, and natural language processing experts.

    5. The ethical and legal implications of using GPT models for content creation, including issues of plagiarism and copyright infringement.

    The use of GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) models for content creation has raised various ethical and legal implications, including issues of plagiarism and copyright infringement.

    Plagiarism refers to the act of using someone else’s work or ideas without giving proper credit. GPT models are trained on large amounts of text data and can generate new text that closely mimics human writing. However, this also means that the generated content may contain phrases or sentences that are identical or similar to existing works. If these works are protected by copyright, using the generated content without permission could result in accusations of plagiarism.

    Copyright infringement refers to the unauthorized use of copyrighted works, including text, images, and audiovisual content. GPT models can generate content that may infringe on existing copyrights if it includes substantial portions of protected works. The use of such generated content without permission could result in legal action.

    To address these issues, it is essential to use GPT models ethically and responsibly. This includes giving proper attribution to sources and avoiding the use of copyrighted material without permission. Additionally, individuals and organizations should carefully consider the ethical and legal implications of using GPT models for content creation and seek legal advice when necessary. It is also worth noting that the responsibility of ensuring ethical and legal use of GPT models does not solely rest on the user, but also on the developers and companies that create and distribute these models. It is important for them to provide clear guidelines and educate users on best practices for using their models ethically and legally.

    6. The potential for GPT models to create new business opportunities in language-based industries, such as personalized content creation and recommendation systems.

    GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) models have the potential to create new business opportunities in language-based industries, such as personalized content creation and recommendation systems.

    One of the primary benefits of GPT models is their ability to generate human-like text, making them useful in content creation. For example, businesses could use GPT models to generate personalized product descriptions, social media posts, and other marketing materials tailored to individual customers’ preferences. This would allow businesses to create more engaging content and increase customer engagement.

    GPT models can also be used in recommendation systems. By analyzing user behavior and preferences, GPT models can generate personalized recommendations for products, services, and content. This could benefit businesses by increasing customer retention and loyalty.

    Another potential application of GPT models is in customer service. Companies could use GPT models to generate automated responses to customer inquiries, improving response times and reducing the workload of human customer service representatives.

    In addition to these applications, GPT models could also be used in industries such as journalism, education, and entertainment. For example, GPT models could be used to generate news articles, personalized learning materials, or interactive storylines in video games and other media.

    Overall, GPT models have the potential to revolutionize language-based industries and create new business opportunities. However, businesses and organizations must use these models ethically and responsibly to avoid potential negative impacts on society and the workforce.

    7. The challenges of integrating GPT models into existing workflows and processes in language-based industries.

    Integrating GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) models into existing workflows and processes in language-based industries can present several challenges, including:

    Data compatibility: GPT models require large amounts of high-quality text data for training. This means that existing data sources may need to be reformatted or combined to ensure compatibility with the model’s requirements.

    Technical expertise: GPT models are complex and require advanced technical knowledge to implement and maintain. Businesses may need to invest in additional technical resources to support the integration of these models into their existing workflows.

    Model selection: There are many different GPT models available, each with different strengths and weaknesses. Choosing the right model for a specific task or application can be challenging and require careful evaluation and experimentation.

    Model accuracy: While GPT models have made significant advances in recent years, they are not perfect and can still make errors or produce biased results. Ensuring the accuracy and fairness of GPT models requires ongoing monitoring and testing.

    Legal and ethical considerations: The use of GPT models for content creation and recommendation systems raises ethical and legal implications, including issues of plagiarism and copyright infringement. Businesses must ensure they are using these models ethically and responsibly to avoid potential legal and reputational consequences.

    Integration with existing systems: Integrating GPT models into existing workflows and processes can be challenging, especially if existing systems were not designed to work with these models. Businesses may need to modify or adapt existing systems to ensure compatibility and efficient integration.

    Overall, integrating GPT models into existing workflows and processes in language-based industries requires careful planning, technical expertise, and ongoing monitoring to ensure accuracy and compliance with legal and ethical considerations.

    8. The impact of GPT models on the distribution of power and influence in language-based industries, such as social media and online communities.

    The emergence of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models has significantly impacted the distribution of power and influence in language-based industries, such as social media and online communities. GPT models are a type of artificial intelligence (AI) technology that uses deep learning algorithms to learn patterns and relationships in large datasets of texts.

    One of the most significant impacts of GPT models is their ability to generate human-like texts that are difficult to distinguish from those written by humans. This capability has led to the development of various applications, including chatbots, language translation tools, and content generators. These applications have significantly influenced the way people communicate and interact with each other online.

    In social media, GPT models have enabled the development of personalized content recommendation systems that use machine learning algorithms to analyze user behavior and preferences. This has led to a shift in power and influence from traditional media organizations to social media platforms, which can now control the type of content that users see and interact with.

    GPT models have also impacted the distribution of power and influence in online communities. They have enabled the creation of virtual assistants that can answer user questions, provide information, and engage in conversations. This has reduced the need for human moderators and community managers, leading to a shift in power from community members to the platform itself.

    Overall, the emergence of GPT models has significantly impacted the distribution of power and influence in language-based industries, enabling new applications and changing the way people interact online. As the technology continues to evolve, it is likely to have even more significant impacts on the distribution of power and influence in these industries.

    9. The potential for GPT models to democratize access to information and knowledge in language-based industries.

    Moreover, GPT models have the potential to democratize access to information and knowledge by enabling automated content generation in multiple languages. This can be particularly beneficial for industries such as education, where language barriers can limit access to quality learning materials. GPT models can help overcome these barriers by automatically generating content in multiple languages, making it easier for learners to access educational materials and resources.

    Additionally, GPT models can help bridge the digital divide by making information and knowledge more accessible to people who may not have access to traditional educational resources or who may have limited literacy skills. This can be particularly beneficial for individuals living in developing countries or rural areas, where access to traditional educational resources may be limited. In conclusion, the emergence of GPT models has significantly impacted the distribution of power and influence in language-based industries, enabling new applications and changing the way people interact online. Furthermore, GPT models have the potential to democratize access to information and knowledge, particularly in industries such as education, by enabling automated content generation in multiple languages and bridging the digital divide. As the technology continues to evolve, it is likely to have even more significant impacts on the distribution of power and influence in these industries.

    10. The role of human expertise and creativity in the age of GPT models, and the potential for collaboration between humans and machines in language-based industries.

    However, it is important to note that GPT models are still limited in their ability to fully replace human expertise and creativity. While they can generate human-like texts, they lack the emotional intelligence, critical thinking, and creativity that humans possess. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the importance of human input in language-based industries and to find ways to collaborate with machines to enhance human creativity and expertise.

    One way to achieve this collaboration is through human-machine interaction, where humans and machines work together to achieve a common goal. For example, in content generation, humans can provide the initial ideas and direction, while GPT models can assist in generating the content, allowing humans to focus on other aspects such as editing and refinement.

    Another way to achieve collaboration is through the development of hybrid models, where GPT models are combined with human input to create more sophisticated and nuanced outputs. This approach can enable the development of personalized content that takes into account human emotions, cultural nuances, and individual preferences.

    In conclusion, while GPT models have significantly impacted the distribution of power and influence in language-based industries, they cannot fully replace human expertise and creativity. Therefore, it is crucial to find ways to collaborate with machines to enhance human creativity and expertise, through approaches such as human-machine interaction and the development of hybrid models. This can enable the development of more sophisticated and nuanced outputs that are tailored to individual preferences and needs.

  • Levels or Categories of Scopus Journals: Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Journal Categories

    What are the distinctions between q1, q2, q3, and q4 categories or level of journal? View the following clarification

    Scopus

    Scopus Journal Categories

    Scopus is an international journal indexing service that offers journal evaluations. Scopus splits the quality of journals into different levels when evaluating them. The degree of quality of Scopus journals is also known as the quartile.

    In the evaluation of the quality of journals indexed in the Scopus database, quartile can be thought of as a grouping or clustering. There are four groups of journals, notably quartile 1 (Q1), quartile 2 (Q2), quartile 3 (Q3), and quartile 4 (Q4).

    Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Journal Differences

    As discussed previously, Scopus contains multiple categories of journals. Scopus journal levels are categorised into four quartiles: Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4. Consequently, what is the distinction between Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 journals?

    The quality levels of Scopus journals are as follows, according to the book Research Funding Strategies in Universities to Improve Research Performance by Dr. Sri Suryaningsum, S.E., M. Si., Ak., C.A., et al (2020):

    • Quartile 1 (Q1) is the highest level, denoting the most influential Scopus-indexed journal.
    • After Quartile 1 (Q1), Quartile 2 (Q2) represents Scopus-indexed journals with high importance.
    • Quartile 3 (Q3) represents the proportion of Scopus-indexed journals of moderate influence.
    • Quartile 4 (Q4) represents the percentage of Scopus-indexed journals with the least impact.

    This quartile classification is based on the calculation of the number of cite scores from Scopus-indexed articles. The journal with the highest citation score will be included in the first quartile (Q1). Additionally, journals with the lowest citation score will be included in quartile 4 (Q4). Therefore, you may conclude that Q1 Journal is the most prestigious journal because it has the highest citation score. In contrast, Q4 journals are the lowest level of journals due to their low cite score.

    How to check the categories of journals in Scopus?

    On the Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) website, we can really view the quartile for the Scopus journal. Most of the time, though, Scimago journal rankings are slow to update information about quartile Scopus journals. Due to the fact that Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) does not retrieve data from Scopus in real time, Scimago data lags behind the most recent Scopus data.

    The good news is that, as of 2017, Scopus provides information about a journal’s quartile on its website. Therefore, we should directly use the official Scopus website at https://www.scopus.com/ to determine a journal’s quartile.

    We may determine the quartile of a journal based on the percentile value reported by Scopus for the journal. If the quartile splits the data distribution into four parts, the percentile divides the data into 100 parts, or between 0 and 99 percent. To determine the journal’s quartile based on percentile, the following categories can be used:

    • Quartile Journal 1 (Q1) is a journal that has a percentile of 75%-99%.
    • Quartile Journal 2 (Q2) is a journal that has a percentile of 50%-74%.
    • Quartile Journal 3 (Q3) is a journal that has a percentile of 25%-49%.
    • Quartile Journal 4 (Q4) is a journal that has a percentile of 0%-24%.

    If the journal we checked has a highest percentile of 75% or more, it is considered a Q1 journal. If the journal we checked has a higher percentile than 74%, however, it will be classified as a Q2 journal.

    Follow these steps to find the journal’s quartile on Scopus:

    Visit https://www.scopus.com/, Scopus’s main website.

    You will find the following screen. It may be little different due to update in design.

    Scopus Home Screen

    Click on the source as mentioned in the figure.

    Scopus search screen

    Select title or ISSN, etc. as per your choice.

    Scopus search screen

    Write the name or ISSN as per your choice to find the journal listed in the Scopus. It would be better to choose ISSN, because you will get confirm one result if the journal is listed in Scopus.

    Scopus search result

    In the search result you will find the percentile, here the percentile is 17% that means the journal belongs to the 4th quartile.

    At the time of search if you will select the subject and enter the keyword (like “management’, “Supply-chain”, “working capital” etc. to find the relevant journal, in this case you can select the quartile as well to get the journal of a particular categories. However it is very important to verify that the journal is still on the Scopus list.

    To verify whether the journal is still in the Scopus list or not click on the journal to the specific journal page. Check whether in the coverage years “present” word is there or not as per the picture given below.

    Scopus

    Good luck for your research and journal selection.

    Dr. Afzalur Rahman

  • Welcoming back

    Dr. Nikhat M Hamza – Director-HR, Presidency University

    Certified Thomas PPA Practitioner!  basically, she has 2 decades of experience in various senior positions with industries like Drip Irrigation, Automobile, Casting, Software, and Education. Working as Director HR & FTA

    She is playing a vital role in Organization Transformation, Organization Development, Recruitment, Appraisal, KPI, training, Payroll, onboarding, exit formalities, Labour Law, research improvement, organizational behavior, employee engagement, retention policies, Data analytics, Conflict management. Worked with UGC, NAAC, NBA, NIRF, IQAC. She is also authored one book “Corporate Sweet & Salt” available on kindle and recipient of the Sushma Swaraj Stree Sakti Award 2020.

    The office is our second home. We spend years together more than nine to ten hours daily. This is the second home for professionals. They get connected emotionally and professionally while working. It is natural to have a difference of opinion among the members. This many times also leads the employee towards the decision of quitting. The employer feels like the employee has betrayed them. Actually, many times it is not that they have betrayed the management, it is a circumstantial decision.

    Departing is not good, hence instead of taking it negative make it very smooth and happy, lets’s say we think it in a positive way, the employee joins some other organization where he will learn new things, but at the same time he/she will realize what was good in previous organization and organization will get a chance to know about the work of the employee.

    Employees are your brand ambassador the word of mouth spread through them leave an image in the market. Take care of your employee they will take care of you and your company. Companies who take the resignation of employees as betrayal, lose their efficient employees forever because then employees will never feel like returning.

    If you do not wish to lose your employee address their issues immediately whether small or big, sometimes small issues also force people to take big decisions. Don’t think they have betrayed you, think about why they had to take this decision and what went wrong. If they are good performers counsel them and try to retain them. Even if they do not change decisions, you will make a permanent impression about “you care for them” this will always keep your employees connected with you, they will care about the organization even after leaving the organization.

    Whenever you have the requirement, make sure you try calling your ex-employees if they wish to return back, it will give positivity to your existing employee that their work is valued, they are valued in addition to this the ex-employee will not only save the cost of hiring he will bring in many new ideas. There is the scope for new collaborations, business & exchange of ideas when you remain in touch with your ex-employees. Your employees should feel accepted as members of the family, employees want to feel belongingness in the workplace, and creating a sense of belonging in the workplace leads to greater on-the-job effort and improvement in the performance of the employee. You just have to involve them make them part of the team bring everyone together and tell them we care for you. Assure them no matter whatever problems or issues they have Heads & HR to address them, they will be treated unbiased and equal.

    There are many factors

    After covid, there have been a lot of changes in the behavior of the people earlier their professional life was important for them now it is their personal and social life. Having flexible HR policies keeps the work culture light at the same time it should not hamper productivity. Not everyone works for many, few may be working for self-respect those few are assets of the organization.

    Changes in the human behavior of the people are impacting the working culture, HR has to come up with all new ideas and regulations, and understand their people. Convey the employees that doors are always open for them and keep connected with them. Like student alumni association is important same way HR alumni association should be important with their employees.

    Maintaining harmony in the organization is very important for good productivity & positivity this should be both way employee & employer.

    Everyone who has joined the bond to leave one day, we just have to accept in a positive way and keep things smooth.

  • What is a halal certificate? And why is it required? 

    Halal Certificate
    Halal Certificate

    I decided to write an article on “Halal Certificate” after a small conversation with a Hindu right-wing supporter, who is using this “certificate issue” to spread hate. Please see the conversation first. 

    Right-wing supporter:

    A few days ago, I went to a friend’s place. The friend’s father does acupressure therapy and also recommends some Ayurvedic medicines so that health benefits can be taken in a natural way. At that time, he had a vendor of some Ayurvedic medicines sitting near him who was telling about his natural properties. I picked up a bottle of medicine and saw that ayurvedic medicine made in Haridwar had the stamp of “Halal” certification. I asked the seller what the “halal” stamp on Ayurvedic medicine meant, so saheb started doing it to the right and left. 

    Well, he did not answer the question but this question is serious because the “Halal” certificate has spread to today’s date from packaged food, medicines, beauty products, hospital housing projects, to halal tourism, halal banking, halal education, etc., apart from meat. It has to be remembered that the task of giving this certificate is done by institutions like Jamaat-e-Ulema Hind which do  not accept certificates like FSSAI, ISO, but in their own way, they set the standard according to Sharia law and are trying to create a mechanism that only provides employment for Muslims. Halal business is playing a game to create an economy parallel to the Indian economy in which 85 per cent of the products  will be Hindu society to buy, but from its creation to delivery, employment will be given to the Muslim. 

    A petition has also been filed in the Supreme Court today on this issue, demanding immediate termination of such certification.

    Whatever product you and I buy from today, you must check the seal of halal on it once, because according to a Buddhist monk from Myanmar, even if you are full of peace and compassion, you cannot sleep next to a mad dog. 

    thank you 🙏

    (The above part is translated from Hindi to English)

    Auther:

    I would like to point out that there is no connection between halal and ISO. It is used in processing and improving the management system. Halal refers to the type of food permitted in Islam. Alcohol is not allowed.  Hence, food that uses liquor cannot be certified as halal. Meat is prohibited in Hinduism, Jainism and Bodhism with some exceptions, but in Islam it is allowed, but not all the animals, and the process is defined. It is the same as putting a veg or non-veg label on a product. Halal means that the product is allowed for consumption by Muslims. But why does the company use this sign? The reason is to attract the Muslim customer as well as customers from Muslim countries. If you are concerned that Muslims are getting an advantage due to this Halal sign, then you are wrong.  This benefit only goes to the companies. If a Muslim cannot find a halal certificate on a product, what are their options? If there is any doubt that the product may contain ingredients that are haram in Islam, Muslims can only consume products manufactured by Muslims.

    Right-wing supporter:

    Why there is a need of such certificate ? Dnt muslims believe in FSSAI or others…halal certification is not limited to food items only, it is much more. You cn get even cloths which r being halal certified. 
    If muslims hv certain eating priorities due to their belief then at the same time others also hv theirs. Such certification is an imposition of one faith on others. Few ppl want everything should go as per their priorities and beleif. This must be stopped. Many democratic countries banned halal certification, why india shouldn’t.
    A petition filed in the Supreme Court has sought a complete ban on halal products and halal certification, claiming that fundamental rights of 85% citizens were being infringed for the sake of 15% population who use these products
    Do not take it otherwise but its fact and intellectual muslims must condemn this

    Auther:

    I already answered your question, “Why do we need such a certificate?” Again, you are mixing things that are different and have different objectives. Please learn about what the FSSAI’s goal is and what the Halal certificate’s goal is. An example will help you understand the concept. Assume a non-Muslim is selling meat. Muslims do not demand you to use a Halal Certificate. We Muslims just won’t eat that meat. Many Hindus won’t buy the meat either. Both are because of their religious beliefs. We’re not trying to force our wills on each other. However, we are both simply following our faith. But if the meat seller wants to grow his business and get more customers, he will tell the Muslim community that the meat he sells is prepared according to how Muslims believe it should be done. Halal certificate is the way to tell if someone is telling the truth.
    Islam guided humans in every aspect and area of life. You can read Islam to find out how. For example, in Islam, interest is forbidden, so if you sell the mutual fund, I won’t buy it. Because I have no idea what instrument you intend to invest my money. But if you could explain that among our different financial models, we have one in which the investments are made in accordance with Shariah compliance, Read the real article if you don’t know what Shariah Compliance means. So Muslims will invest in that plan as well.
    I’m not sure how it affects the fundamental rights of others. I believe you must comprehend the fundamental right. One of the fundamental rights is the freedom to practise one’s own religion and beliefs. So, it actually supports basic rights.
    Please don’t be offended. You need to know the truth so that you don’t accidentally spread hate.

    Right-wing supporter:

    Bottomline is there is no need of halal type thing. FSSAI and other govt bodies are potent enough to assess the quality of product. Hopefully this propaganda based thing will be neutralised soon.

    Halal Certificate
    Halal Certificate

    I understood from the above discussion that further discussion is useless and a waste of time. However, I decided to share the information about Halal Certificate. The article may become more informative if you provide the relevant information in the comment section.

    What is a Halal Certificate?

    The halal certificate is a document that certifies that products and services marketed to Muslims meet the requirements of Islamic law and are thus suitable for consumption in both Muslim-majority countries and Western countries with significant Muslim populations (France, Germany, United Kingdom, and Spain). Halal certification is a process that ensures the features and quality of products in accordance with the Islamic Council’s rules that allow the use of the term “Halal.” It is mostly used on meat and other food products like milk, canned food, and additives. For meat products, halal certifies that the animals were slaughtered in a single cut, thoroughly bled, and that their meat had not come into contact with meat from other animals, particularly pork. Halal-certified products are frequently labelled with a halal symbol or simply the letter M (as the letter K is used to identify kosher products for the Jewish population). (“What Is Halal Certificate? definition and meaning“)

    Who requires this certificate?

    Exporters, importers, distributors, traders and brokers, logistics professionals, forwarding agents, shipping lines, airlines, and international trucking firms can all benefit from the Halal Certificate. (“What Is a Halal Certificate? definition and meaning”)

    What is the benefit? 

    • Halal certification is required by Muslim importing countries and some non-Muslim importers.
    • HCA is audited on a regular basis by AQIS, DAWR, JAKIM, GAC (regulated by ESMA and GSO), SFDA (regulated by SASO), and DQS (regulated by JAS-ANZ).
    • HCA does not charge royalties on the processed products that it certifies. The certification fee is not based on the quantity, quality, or number of products.
    • Halal certification accounts for one dollar out of every three dollars earned from exports and directly employs over 400,000 non-Muslim Australians, both men and women.
    • As a quarter of the world’s population is Muslim, companies benefit from a larger market share as a result of halal certification.
    • The global halal market is expanding.
    • To be able to use the term “halal,” a product must be halal certified by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.
    • Manufacturers seeking new niche markets in Australia and abroad are driving certification.
    • There are no changes or rituals required for Halal certification of processed foods. Only qualifying products are certified.
    • There are no changes or rituals required for Halal certification of processed foods. Only qualifying products are certified.
      ([CSL STYLE ERROR: reference with no printed form.])

    Works Cited

    “What Is a Halal Certificate? Definition and Meaning.” Dictionary of International Trade, www.globalnegotiator.com, https://www.globalnegotiator.com/international-trade/dictionary/halal-certificate/#:~:text=Halal%20certification%20is%20a%20process%20which%20ensures%20the,products%20such%20as%20milk%2C%20canned%20food%20and%20additives. Accessed 19 June 2022.

    admin. “CERTIFICATION.” Halal Certification Authority, halalauthority.org, https://halalauthority.org/certification/. Accessed 19 June 2022.

  • Let me know what option you have, if you don’t like your new boss

    don’t like your boss

    It’s a huge relief when you start a new job and instantly bond with your new boss. But what if the inverse is true? What if you’re a few months into your new job and you find you and your supervisor just don’t get along? So, what should you do?

    Start by figuring out what’s wrong. Here are some reasons why your relationship might be tense and some things you can do to try to fix it.

    You’re more aware of what’s going on around you.

    Conscientiousness is a trait that shows how motivated you are to finish tasks well and follow rules. This can be a problem because it can make it hard to get things done. You might feel like your boss gives you too much to do. If you are more careful than your boss, you might try to make each task you are given shine like a mirror. Because of this, you might be taking too long on each task compared to what your boss wants.

    It’s important to find out what your boss wants from you in terms of how perfect certain tasks should be. That will help you figure out how much work your assignments need and may help you deal with a long list of things to do.

    You tend to try to make everyone happy

    Agreeableness is another feature that can lead to troubles, since it shows how much you want to get along with people. If you are a more agreeable person than your boss, it is possible that they may not always give you with the kind of feedback that will make you feel welcome at work. As a result, you may worry that your supervisor disapproves of your performance.

    Observing your boss’s treatment of others is critical. If they are not very friendly, you should concentrate your attention not on the interpersonal interactions you have but rather on the feedback you get about the performance you have given.

    Different people have different approaches to taking on new opportunities.

    Openness to experience, which represents your orientation toward new things, is a third trait that might be problematic since it can lead to difficulties. People who are open are inspired to explore and make the most of new opportunities, whereas people who are closed are always looking for excuses not to try anything new.

    Don’t like your boss

    If you and your boss have very different levels of openness, then it’s likely that one of you is trying to get the other to think about things in a different manner, while the other is trying to fight this tendency. When your boss is less open than you are, it is beneficial to inform your boss about new approaches or opportunities well in advance of when you need a decision. This gives your boss the opportunity to get comfortable with the newness of the situation before having to evaluate it, which can be helpful when your boss is less open than you are.

    Your boss does not assist you in arranging things in priority order.

    If there is a misalignment between what you believe you should be doing and what your boss believes you should be doing, you are likely to receive unfavourable comments about your performance despite your efforts since you are working on the “wrong” things.

    If this is the case, you should bring your list of things to accomplish to the check-ins that you have scheduled so that you and your boss can go over it together and decide which activities are the most critical. Prioritize your work in accordance with your boss’s expectations.

    If you are interested in Data Analytics, then Click here

    Your supervisor tends to react rather than think strategically.

    Even if your supervisor speaks about priorities, what should you do if what’s considered most essential changes on a daily basis? When your supervisor reacts to circumstances rather than planning ahead, you’ll see this tendency. This roller-coaster might be challenging to ride since you never know what you should be doing on any particular day.

    It can be beneficial to have regular check-ins with a boss whose priorities fluctuate so that you can assess whether there are new areas in which you should be making progress. In this way, you can determine whether there are new areas where you should be making progress.

    You’re not getting the feedback you require.

    When your boss is very agreeable, this can be particularly problematic. The problem is that agreeable people tend to wish to be liked, making it difficult for them to provide direct negative feedback, as they fear being unpopular if they criticize. This may cause you to believe that your boss is unhappy with your performance without specifically telling you what to change.

    Asking precise questions regarding your work is critical in this situation in order to get the feedback you need. The advantage of using this strategy is that if your pleasant boss discovers that you are able to accept constructive criticism effectively, he or she will frequently be better able to deliver it without being asked for it. This is one of the benefits of this technique.

    It’s important to remember that you don’t necessarily need to have a great relationship with your boss in order to enjoy your work. If your work environment is solid and you get along with at least a few of your coworkers, it’s fine if you and your boss don’t spend much time together. You may still be able to learn a lot by watching how your boss does their work. Learn from their successes and apply those lessons to your own leadership position.

    This discussion is based on the idea that your boss isn’t doing anything wrong at work. You should talk to human resources right away if your boss yells at you or creates a hostile work environment or harasses you in other ways. You shouldn’t try to figure out how to handle these things on your own.

    If you are interested in freelance work, read this article.

  • Fiverr-Get your work done here

    Get your every idea done on fiverr
    Click on the picture to hire Freelancer

    I have had nothing but excellent experiences using Fiverr to hire freelancers, and the costs are the best part.

    Go to Fiverr now to discover a freelancer for as low as $5 or continue reading for a comprehensive analysis of the marketplace. It appears as though you have hired all the necessary expertise, but you only pay after the task is completed.

    Is Fiverr a Real Company?

    For $5 you can get top-notch freelance work in a wide range of fields, including copywriting and logo design. However, with uneven ratings and no screening procedure for freelancers (unless you pay extra for Pro Verified merchants), it’s reasonable if you have some worries.

    We put Fiverr to the test because we know how difficult it can be to locate competent freelancers and how annoying it can be to hire someone who doesn’t meet their promises. We looked at its features, convenience of use, quality of service, customer support, and more.

    Get your SEO done on fiverr
    Click on the picture to hire SEO expert

    What Is the Process of Fiverr’s Services?

    Fiverr is a great place to find and hire a freelancer. Although there is a lot of talent to choose from, the search option makes it a lot easier to narrow the field down. There are no worries regarding their abilities thanks to the seller review system.

    Reduce Uncertainty with Easy-to-Read Seller Levels

    You can see right away if a freelancer is trustworthy and good at what they do on Fiverr. It’s as simple as checking the seller’s level next to their name. Getting rid of those who haven’t proven themselves on the platform will save you time. Delivery time, client contentment, and service quality are all factors in determining a seller’s level. These are the four seller levels:

    • New Seller – Every freelancer begins here. It’s a telltale indicator of a seller’s inexperience.
    • Level One Seller – Only after completing at least ten jobs with a good degree of customer satisfaction may a vendor move up to the first level after 60 days.
    • Level Two Seller – Reaching this level is only possible for sellers who have been on Fiver for 120 days and have completed 50 high-rated, on-time orders.
    • Top-Rated Seller – A seller’s Top Rated status is a strong indicator of their trustworthiness and ability to deliver on their promises to buyers. It has taken at least 180 days and at least 100 orders (a total of at least $20,000) for these freelancers to establish themselves on Fiverr.

    Fiverr is a formidable competitor when it comes to the breadth and depth of its offerings. WP website design, social media marketing, promotional video editing and even a tree carving service are all options available from merchants on the internet. As long as it’s legal, you can probably get it here if you’re ready to pay for it.

    Proven, High-Quality Experts/ Pro Verified Freelancers

    Make perfect video on fiverr
    Click on the picture to hire Freelancer

    Paying a little more will provide you access to the greatest freelance workers available on the Fiverr platform. Pro Verified freelancers must be vetted and authorised by the Fiverr team and are chosen based on their higher education, job experience, and service quality.

    It’s comforting to work with a freelancer who has already shown their worth, and I like that Fiverr offers a guarantee of high-quality output. Are Pro Sellers worth the bump in price? In my view, sure. At a minimum, it’s less expensive than hiring a large corporation or individual employee. You gain a substantial boost in quality – Pro Verified vendors are more experienced than other freelancers and provide more professional, polished work.

    If you want to avoid hiring a terrible seller on Fiverr, limiting your search to “pro services” is a certain way to accomplish it. And not all of them charge thousands of dollars. Anyone may quickly locate more inexpensive Pro Sellers by browsing a few distinct categories.

    Even if Things Go Wrong, There Are Many Options for You to Consider.

    NFT artists on Fiverr
    Click on the picture to hire Freelancer for NFT

    In spite of the fact that there are countless brilliant freelancers available on Fiverr, there are a few that can’t keep their end of the bargain. The good news is that there are a variety of options available if you pay for a task only to discover that the seller is untrustworthy.

    • To begin, you have the right to cancel an order and receive a refund if the vendor is late or unresponsive for a period of 24 hours.
    • You can contact Fiverr’s Resolution Center if your freelancer’s work does not fulfil the agreed-upon specifications. If you and your vendor can’t come to an arrangement, you may always turn to the Customer Support staff to resolve matters.
    • Fiverr provides an additional safety net. Funds remain in “pending” status for 14 days after you declare your order as finished (7 days for Top-Rated sellers).
    • If you’re not happy with the service or the final product, you have a window of opportunity to file a complaint. Keep in mind that your cash will be sent to the freelancer in full when the safety period has expired.

    Fast and Efficient

    Get your voice over done on fiverr
    Click on the picture to hire Freelancer for Voice over

    Fiverr is a good option if you need something done quickly. Most freelancers are able to deliver their work within 48 hours. Often, you might pay a little extra to expedite the completion of your project. As a last resort, you might look for freelancers who are now online and initiate communication with them right away.

    Find Freelancers on the Go

    If you’re using an iOS or Android device, you may use Fiverr’s app to obtain reliable support. The applications have a clean and intuitive interface. On my phone, I had no issues scrolling through gigabytes and never felt lost in the UI. Even if you’re away from your computer, it’s a big assistance to be able to contact your freelancer and check for changes.

    Create your online store on fiverr
    Click on the picture to hire Freelancer for Creating LOGO

    Do not overextend yourself

    Even while certain services might be expensive, you can get expert work done for as low as $5 if you know where to go. Hire a new vendor, and you’ll be able to save money. However, new vendors are sometimes willing to cut their prices in order to get their feet wet. But you may also receive better-quality services at a reasonable price.

    When it comes to big-budget freelance work, you can obtain thousands-of-positive-review freelancers for less money on Fiverr than you would on other freelancing websites. Also, if you’re interested in working with a freelancer, you may contact them first. You’ll be able to gauge their level of professionalism and determine whether or not the project’s scope is acceptable to both of you.

    The Fiverr platform is extremely user-friendly. Many wonderful tools are available on the site to assist you in sifting through the vast pool of applicants. Here are a few of the most important aspects that make hiring on Fiverr so simple.. On Fiverr, it’s really simple to get started if you’re looking to employ a freelancer.

    Hire SEO expert on Fiverr
    Click on the picture to hire Freelancer for SEO

    Remove All That Isn’t Desirable

    Customized search criteria are available on Fiverr, unlike other platforms like Upwork or Freelancer.com. As an example, the filters will contain sections on tone, type and topic if you’re trying to hire a writer. For those in need of a logo designer, parameters such as file type and desired design style are available.

    Create your online web portal on Fiverr
    Click on the picture to hire Freelancer for creating Online Store

    Good customer service and a great support centre

    I put Fiverr’s customer service to the test to see how excellent it is. There are just two ways to get in touch with customer service at Fiverr:

    1. Email
    2. Submitting a request ticket through the Buyer Help Center

    You may be interested in creating unique content using AI powered Paraphraser

  • A brief study on the impact on housing finance in the Pandemic

    housing finance
    housing finance

    Dr S Chinnathambi

    Professor of Finance, Department of Commerce, B S Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology

    Introduction

    There are three elemental and essential human beings’ needs to live in this universe: food, clothing, and shelter. Though food and clothing satisfy physiological desires, shelter meets the need for safety and security. The need for housing is an ever-expanding one in the present situation. With the rising incomes, better educational facilities foremost to sophisticated types of living and growing population, need for homes, relatively better houses are touched progressively. Circumstances are not being denied because the eminence of life of the people depends upon the excellence of housing amenities available to the people. People’s economic well-being is consequential by robust and hygienic housing situations.

    The popular enactment of the National Housing Policy of the Central Government and Reserve Bank of India has been helping the movement of credit to the housing finance sector. Subsequently, housing has emerged as one of the sectors attracting huge importance to bank finance. The current focus of RBI’s regulation is to safeguard arranged growing of housing loan portfolios of banks.

    Economic Growth in the recent scenario

    Recent scenario, for India to reach balanced economic growth, it is indispensable to increase construction activity in the housing sector. Subsequently, Independence growth in the Indian population has intensified the problem of housing for Indian inhabitants. Conferring to the population census of 2001, out of the total population of 1027 million, around 742 million people live in some rural areas, and 285 million live in urban areas. The urban populace accounted for 27.8% of the whole population, whereas it was 25.7% below the 1991 census.

    Housing Finance
    Housing Finance

    The government of India has taken a sequence of Initiatives for the growth of Housing and urban infrastructure. The National Housing and Habitat Policy 1998 accentuates “housing for all” by the end of 2007. The Government of India has been altering the housing sector into an engine of economic growth over functional policies and a mass of initiatives with the extension of assistance u/s 80 I to figure housing schemes, arguing of Urban Land Ceiling Act, improved rebates for housing loans, increased depreciation for employee housing, lower interest rates, securitization of housing loan, etc.

    Impact on housing finance during the Covid-19 

    Housing sector development will be seriously impacted and is not likely to resuscitate till the economy displays any sign of development. Pressure on housing loans, predominantly affordable housing loans, will increase.

    No one knows when the coronavirus disaster will end. Nations are rushing to find ways to comprise the spread and find a cure as economists and policymakers attempt to assess impairment from the pandemic, whose impact on the world’s economy is supposed to be poorer than that of the 2008 global recession.

    In India, one of the sector’s maximums affected by the outbreak and the subsequent lockdown is real estate and housing finance. Earlier, we looked at the impact of the crisis on the housing sector. Let’s realize how the sector had been done before the pandemic.

    The go-slow in real estate and housing finance initiated after the IL&FS crisis, the liquidity crunch in housing finance firms, and non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) impacted construction happenings. Things better slash after the government and the central bank interfered. Housing finance did not pick up as probably due to low demand as the economy reduced post the 2020 financial year Budget. There is a huge unsold housing inventory piled up completed the past four years in nine major cities.

    The government acquired a slew of measures to resuscitate the economy and the real estate sector by setting Alternate Investment Fund of ₹25,000 crores to offer last-mile funding to near 1,600 stalled projects at different stages, increasing Income tax exemption on housing loans of ₹ 2.5 lakh to ₹ 3.50 lakh for inexpensive housing, and countless other measures to the improvement of supply and demand.

    Whatsoever noticeable uptick the measures had brought around has been wiped out by the coronavirus pandemic. The economy of all sectors is badly successful with immediate high influence on domestic service sectors such as tourism, aviation, hospitality, small business, retail, auto/taxi, food, and beverages, etc.

    The government of India has taken adequate steps to comprise the spread of the virus. It has also proclaimed immediate support for farmers, building construction workers, and migrant laborers from different parts of India—most impacted by the lockdown and the economic standstill.

    Smooth if the lockdown is boosted, the economy will take ample time to get back to normal. Here there is bound to be massive unemployment successful onward. Despite its tight fiscal position, the government is likely to declare another package for numerous sectors, but there is no supplementary way out.

    The complication of the Real Estate sector

    In India, the financial sector will be the most hit due to complications in the real estate sector. Non-performing assets are set to increase, and liquidity will be poorly hit. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) took extraordinary steps, proposing to infuse ₹ 3.74 lakh crore liquidity done a cash-reserve-ratio cut of 1%, beset long-term repo auction, marginal liquidity capability, a deep repo rate cut of 75 bps, and further prominently permitting a three-month moratorium on all-term loans and working capital. This will provide a break to all those borrowers whose cash flow was impacted due to Covid-19. Banks and financial institutions, and HFCs/NBFCs will be bright to defer non-performing assets appreciation.

    Growth of the housing sector

    Housing sector growth will be heavily obstructed and is not likely to recover till the economy demonstrates any sign of improvement. Strain in the housing loan, particularly in reasonable Housing, will rise. Establishments that have large exposures to small businesses and informal sectors will see little complex stress for a few months due to a fall in demand and the declining ability to repay. Nevertheless, many small businesses serve the common man and henceforth have more flexibility to revive soon as the situation gets regular.

    Also, it depends on how dissolute workers who have gone back to their villages return to work. General, housing development in 2021 will be like the year 2020, and more depends on coordinated with RBI and the government of India. The repo rate cut of 75 bps has completed home loans from banks ample inexpensive.

    Property tariffs are also expected to be cut by developers by 10% – 15%, hereafter the demand for Housing by Organised segment employees for houses of ₹ 25 lakh to ₹ 75 lakh is expected to recover soon after once the lockdown ends. But, low-income affordable housing demand will take slightly more time and will depend much on government sustenance.

    Conclusion

    Individuals who determine this housing sector will find it tough to manage their own contribution, which has now become more problematic. The government pinches the present procedure for the release of applicable credit-linked subsidy to known beneficiaries through lenders before loan distribution. The modification will revive affordable housing growth as imagined in Housing for all by 2022. 

    References:

    1. DEO SHANKAR TRIPATHI,   “The Covid-19 impact on housing finance” The author is managing director and CEO, Aadhar Housing Finance, Apr 8, 2020. https://www.fortuneindia.com/opinion/the-covid-19-impact-on-housing-finance/104410
    1. By Manoj Viswanathan Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director Home First Finance Company Jun 30, 2020. https://www.99ac res.com/articles/the-impact-of-covid-19-on-housing-finance.html
    1. SUNITA MISHRA “Impact of Coronavirus on Indian real estate” https://housing.com/news/impact-of-coronavirus-on-indian-real-estate/ DECEMBER 7, 2021
    1. Ashwani Kumar Bhalla, Dr. Pushpinder Singh Gill and Dr. Parvinder Arora “Housing Finance in India: Development, Growth and Policy implications” PCMA Journal of Business, Vol.1, No.1 (December, 2008) 51-62
    1. Media Reports, Press releases, Knight Frank India, VCEdge, JLL Research, CREDAI-JL, Union Budget 2021-22 https://www.ibef.org/industry/real-estate-india.

  • CROSS CULTURAL CONFLICT IN BHARATI MUKHERJEE’S“THE TIGER’S DAUGHTER”

    Dr. G. RAMAN 1* (ramlaxlit@gmail.com)

    Department of English at Sambhram University, Jizaxx, Uzbekistan

    MR. G. LAKSHMANAN 2 * (laxramlit@gmail.com)

    Department of English at Sri Malolan College of arts and science, Madurantakam, Chennai

    THE TIGER'S DAUGHTER
    THE TIGER’S DAUGHTER

    ABSTRACT

    The main concern of Indian women’s literature is the depiction of women struggling for liberation and facing mental states. Conflict is an inevitable part of human life, and human values ​​make a difference in nature. These variations usually make a violent turn. The composition of violence is complex, elusive and multifaceted. Bharati Mukherjee has endeavored to track conflicts and, as a result, the consequences of mental changes in Indian women, especially migrant women, that occurred during the conflict. Her fiction and short stories explore the conflicts women face while fulfilling their ancient roles as women’s descendants, wives, and mothers. Bharati Mukherjee is a Diaspora writer, she deals with the typical indigenous scene, shows in her fictional book The Tiger’s Daughter the image of a woman struggling to remain unharmed in a foreign land. In this post, we’ll explore how Mukherjee deals with her psychological tensions and realistically portrays the reaction and consequences of tensions in her life with her protagonist Tara. She reveals the problem of expatriate female Tara and offers them a completely new approach in her novel. The purpose of this article is to examine Bharati Mukherjee’s portrayal of the psychology of immigrant women and a deep understanding of their problems in her protagonist Tara.

    keywords: acculturation, cross-culture issues, cultural conflict, homeland, host land, immigrant woman

    Bharati Mukherjee is a proponent in expatriate writing.  She is an Indian settled in America. The Tiger’s Daughter is the narrative of a rich industrialist’s pampered daughter Tara who returns to Calcutta in search of (lie Indian dream after seven years of stay in the U.S. And is unable to fit into the culture of Calcutta, where she grew up and she finds that she is as much of an alien at home as she was abroad. Though the desire to become a part of her new milieu is strong, Tara’s attempts appear very superficial. Tara is not yet accustomed to American culture and finally remembers her fairy-like childhood days in Calcutta. She feels homesick and plans a visit to her native land. On her arrival in India, Tara finds herself in a strange situation. She confronts a world totally different from the one she had left behind [Nithyanandam 67].

    The Tiger's Daughter

    The First stepping on the land of India at Bombay fills her with disappointment. Bombay is the same but her outlook has changed. To her, Bombay railway station “was more like a hospital, there were so many sick and deformed men sitting listlessly on bundles and trucks’”. [TD 19] Her sickness and the situation in India make her think about her husband, David. The thought of her husband symbolically suggests the second self-developed in her.  It seems that an alien land has become more of a home to her.  She repents having come to India without her husband and she is unable to keep him off her mind. The mood of repentance in Tara is evident: “Perhaps I was stupid to come without him, she thought, even with him rewriting his novel during the vacation.    Perhaps I was too impulsive confusing my scare of New York with homesickness. Or perhaps I was going mad”. [TD 21]        

    Tara’s voyage from Bombay to Calcutta brings an equally disgusting experience to her. In Calcutta too, she encountered everything changed and deteriorated. Now, she finds Calcutta is under the grip of violence due to riots, caused by the confrontation between different classes of society. This shatter I dream of Calcutta and make her react in a negative manner.  She fails to bring her old sense of perception back and is appalled by the ugliness of the city of Calcutta with its poverty, squalor, disease, and Vanity.   She discovers strangeness in her friends and relatives and finds it difficult to cope up with a world which relents her.

    Tara finds herself a misfit everywhere she goes. With her dangling personality, she tries to look Indian and adjust with her friends, but there is an invisible gap between them and she feels the breakdown. She is forced to look at her inner world consisting of two cultures and the two different ideologies, which are the two worlds wide apart. Realizing that harmonization is impossible, Tara senses to go back to David.  The novel ends with the heroine caught in a bloody riot of Calcutta wondering, whether ever she would be able to go back. Tara sits locked in a car watching helplessly as an old friend is beaten to death in a riot, she is in the middle of a street full of angry rioters, she sees her husband’s view of Calcutta as apocalyptic: “the collective future in which garbage, disease, and stagnation are man’s estate” (TD 190).

                Though Mukherjee has refused that the novel is “based on any real person” and has declared that “the novel wasn’t autobiographical” [1987 interview]. There are many autobiographical instances in it.  Bharati Mukherjee remained in graduate Tara’s voyage from Bombay to Calcutta, brings an equally disgusting experience to her. In Calcutta too, she encountered everything changed and deteriorated. Now, she finds Calcutta is under the grip of violence due to riots, caused by the confrontation between different classes of society. This shatter I dream of Calcutta and make her react in a negative manner.  She fails to bring her old sense of perception back and is appalled by the ugliness of the city of Calcutta with its poverty, squalor, disease, and Vanity.   She discovers strangeness in her friends and relatives and finds it difficult to cope up with a world which relents her.

                Tara finds herself a misfit everywhere she goes. With her dangling personality, she tries to look Indian and adjust with her friends, but there is an invisible gap between them and she feels the breakdown. She is forced to look at her inner world consisting of two cultures and the two different ideologies, which are the two worlds wide apart. Realizing that the harmonization is impossible, Tara senses to go back to David.  The novel ends with the heroine caught in a bloody riot of Calcutta wondering, whether ever she would be able to go back. Tara sits locked in a car watching helplessly as an old friend is beaten to death in a riot, she is in the middle of a street full of angry rioters, she sees her husband’s view of Calcutta as apocalyptic: “the collective future in which garbage, disease, and stagnation are man’s estate” (TD 190).              

    Though Mukherjee has refused that the novel is “based on any real person” and has declared that “the novel wasn’t autobiographical” [1987 interview]. There are many autobiographical instances in it.  Bharati Mukherjee remained in graduate school to complete an M.F.A and she met and married Clark Blaise. Tara Banerjee, the protagonist of The Tiger’s Daughter, is modeled in her homesickness on Ranu’s experience at Vassar, but her might to endure that anguish, go to “Madison” for summertime school, meet and marry the young American David Cartwright, bear two sons, live at 124th street at Broadway, and go back after seven years, is drawn out of the stuff of Bharati Mukherjee herself (Nelson 5.8).

    New York was certainly extra-ordinary and it had driven her to Despair. On days she had thought she could not possibly survive, she had shaken out all her silk scarves, ironed them and hung them to make the apartment more “Indian”.  She had curried hamburger desperately …… She had burned incense sent from home.

    [TD 34]

    However, all these attempts fail to make her feel at home. Yet, soon after her return to India, she finds that she does not fit into the old life of Calcutta which she had left seven years ago and for which she had yearned when she was at Poughkeepsie. Her group of friends now irritates her with their lack of seriousness and “she felt very distant from the passions that quickened and outraged her class in Calcutta” [TD 55]. Though Tara meets her friends regularly at the Catelli-Continental, she “was startled at their bounder tremendous capacity for surfaces” [TD 42]. Though her friends are curious about her life in New York, they only wanted to know the superficial, external details. Ironically, Tara accuses her friends of lacking depth which is clearly absent in her too. Tara thinks of her friends as bringing, “,,..sharing of her personality. She scared their tone, their omissions, and their aristocratic oneness. They had asked her about the things that she had brought back and had admired her velour’s jumpsuit and electric-shaver, but not once had they asked about her husband” [TD 43].

    Seven years in the U.S. Has made it impossible for Tara to sense at ease with her close circle of playmates. The American experience has secluded her from Indian life and culture. Tara wonders: “How does the foreignness of the spirit begin?” (TD 37) for even the familiar David now appears unfamiliar to her. “He seemed like a figure standing in the shadows, or a foreigner with an accent on television…. She felt she was not married to a person, but a foreigner and this foreignness were a burden” [TD 621. On her arrival at Calcutta, she is met with great affection and excitement. The celebrations around her make it difficult for her to even “think of the 120th street, apartment as home”(TD 63). Distance makes everything abroad and unreal to her. Her walk along the ghat and her visit to Tollygunje prove that she is totally out of touch with the real Calcutta. All through her Childhood, Tara has been undetected to the reality of Calcutta, life. For her, Calcutta just meant living in a huge house on Camac Street, going to school at St. Blaise, seeing movies at the Metro and how whiling away her time at the Catelli-Continental, drinking endless cups of tea and listening to the armchair politics, industrial unrest and increasing crimes. Even when she is surrounded by friends and relatives, she feels totally isolated and completely alone. By not being able to fit back into Calcutta society, Tara realizes that she is a misfit at both places. She is always troubled by nostalgia for the life that she left behind and this leaves her in a Catch-22 situation.

    The Tiger's Daughter
    The Tiger’s Daughter

    In Calcutta, people think of her as being too American: Reena’s mother calls her “Americawalli” (TD 151). Aunt Tharna’s quietly violent response to Tara’s innocuous suggestions can be seen as a paradigm of the response many Indian critics have had to this and other Mukherjee books on India and Indians. Aunt Tharna rebukes Tara thus: “you’ve come back to make fun of us, haven’t you? What gives you the right? Your American money? Your Meccha husband?” (TD 36). The Tiger’s Daughter upsets Indian critics greatly. They seem to share the reaction of Tara’s east while schoolmates who feel she has polluted herself beyond redemption by her foreign education and Meccha marriage (Nelson 9).

    While Tara falls in love, at first sight, with a Youngman in an elevator and has a wedding “with no invitations, no priests, no fires, no blessings” (TD 125). Being married to a foreigner does not immediately broaden Tara’s horizon for she finds that she cannot explain or discuss many ideas with him. Even in her letters to David, she does not give her own feelings. David fails to understand many aspects of her life because, he expects everything to have some meaning or point and asks: “why three baths for a day for god’s sake?” (TD 48). In failing to understand her, David shows the distance that has still to be covered between the two cultures.  By reading books on India, he cannot comprehend her country and she is convinced that if “he had not understood her country through her ……… probably he had not understood her either” (TD 50).

    Mukherjee’s protagonists differ in their perception of their roles in society or their expectations of Life. Tara considers her marriage to David as an emancipated gesture but realizes that emancipation presupposes a bondage which she is not willing to accept. From being a dutiful daughter or the Bengal Tiger, she wants to become a dutiful wife in the traditional mould. She wants to be appreciated by David and is most wary of his comments or criticism. Her correspondence with David does not follow “any pattern of confession, reproof or rebuttal” (TD 131), though he often, “accused her of stooped inanities and callousness…” (TD 131). Inspite of her seven -year stay in abroad, Tara has not matured into an individual with a mind or identity of her own. She does not possess the strength required to protect herself from people like Tuntunwala. Her experience with him emboldens her to a great extent and makes her decide to return to David, like a child running back into the protective arms of an adult. Tara is certainly not one of the emergent women of modern fiction. To her, father in childhood and a husband in later life are essential as protectors. She exemplifies Manu’s dictum: “pita rakshati kaumarye/ bharta rakshati yauvane” (Manusmriti qtd in Nithyanandam). She has not been able to develop an individuality of her own, different from the traditional roles of woman as daughter and wife. This immigrant does not adapt herself to suit the conditions of the land of her choice and continues to be rooted firmly in the traditional mould.

    Tara goes home to assess herself to see whether she can rediscover herself in her birth tradition and to understand how much she belongs and in what manner she is different. Though the central character, Tara has married an American and settled in New York, the novel is set entirely in Calcutta and is concerned almost exclusively with Tara’s attempt to come to terms with the fact that she can no longer connect to the city of her birth or find it as her home. Besides the theme of migration in The Tiger’s Daughter, Tara has also realized that by settling in America and marrying there, she had cut herself adrift from Calcutta and the people she had grown up with.

    Tara is an expatriate not only in space but also in mind and spirit. She exhibits the expatriate trait of being uncomfortable in both her own and foreign cultures. She represents the dilemma faced by the expatriates. The critic Sivaramakrishna says about Tara that the “retention of her identity as an Indian is in constant tension with the need for its renunciation, if she has to acquire a new identity as immigrants” (Nelson 60). According to Rustomjikerns, in the novel, Mukherjee presents, ” some of the more violent and grotesque aspects of cultural collisions” (Nelson 63) and according to Jain, “Mukherjee’s novels are representative of the expatriate sensibility” (Jain 42).

    Despite having a decent life with an American husband, Tara does not assimilate in American cultural milieu. Estranged by the ‘half-remembered’ and ‘half-forgotten’ rules of her old world, she struggles hard to feel at home in India but fails miserably in her attempt. Her failure to tie a knot with her ‘patria’ is enough evidence of how far she has traveled from her roots. She has an ‘unstable’ self which does not allow her to settle at one place.

    Expatriation is not only a key issue in this story, but it also serves as a metaphor for deeper kinds of alienation, such as existential alienation and self-estrangement. This is revealed in some significant images used in the novel. In this novel, Hotel Cattelli Continental, described as the “navel of the Universe” (TD 3) becomes the important symbol of a rootless existence, a symbol of Tara’s expatriate sensibility.

    The Tiger’s Daughter is a film that depicts a woman who returns to her birthplace after a period of self-imposed exile. Home will never be home again for such a person, and life in exile, harsh as it may be, will be preferable to what home has become. The discovery that Tara makes at the end of the novel is that the greenery and the forests she had associated with the India of her childhood-her vision of pastoral-were no longer there, something or the other “killed” them (TD 207). In New York she had dreamed of coming back to Calcutta, but “the return had brought only wounds” (TD 25).

    The greatest irony in Tara’s story is that she survives racial hardships while attempting to survive in a new country, but nothing bad occurs to her. She becomes a victim of her tragic end in her native soil in her home, which she had longed to see during her stay in New York, and where she comes to seek peace. Her desire to find a place to live and have security, which she missed in New York, ends ironically in frustration. We’re left with the irony that Tara, an Indian-born young woman, feels more love and comfort in the arms of her American husband.

    Conclusion

    The Tiger’s Daughter by Mukherjee examines the experiences of an Indian expatriate and an American immigrant. It provides a powerful new voice in diasporic literature, one that comes from an Indian lady who immigrates to the United States and redefines her ties to her motherland.

    Having been uprooted from her native soil through an accidental affair with a man of different roots, Tara, like her creator, dangles between her rest while homeland and her newfound homeland. It is like choosing the better of the two eyes. Tara faces this predicament for a time, gets confused and finds herself on a no-man’s land. However, experience on both the soils helps her use the better part of her discretion and finally plumps for the newfound homeland for reasons known-duty, security and practicality.

    References

    1. Alam, Fakrul. Bharati Mukherjee. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1996.
    2. Baldev Vaid, Krishna. Rev. of Wife, by Bharati Mukherjee Fiction International. 1915: 4-5.
    3. Barrett H.Clark. “Time of Need”. Forms of Imagination in the 20th Century.  New York : Harper, 1994.
    4. Brennan, Timothy. Salman Rushdie and the Third World: Myths of the Nation. London: Macmillan,
    5. Carb,Alison B. “An Interview with Bharati Mukherjee.” Massachusetts Review 29, 1988.
    6. Chowdhury, Enakshi. “Images of Woman in Bharati
    7. Mukherjee’a Novels.” Literary Voice* 2 Oct-1995.